J. Michael Bishop

J. Michael Bishop
Page d'aide sur l'homonymie Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bishop.
J. Michael Bishop.

J. Michael Bishop (né le 22 février 1936) est un immunologiste et microbiologiste américain qui, en 1989, a obtenu le Prix Nobel de physiologie ou médecine.

Bishop est né en Pennsylvanie. Il a suivi des études au Gettysburg College (en) à Gettysburg, puis a obtenu le grade de docteur en médecine à l'université Harvard en 1962.

Il commença sa carrière en travaillant au National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (en), qui fait partie du National Institutes of Health. Ensuite, il travailla durant une année au Heinrich Pette Institute (en) à Hambourg en Allemagne avant de rejoindre les effectifs de la faculté de l'Université de la Californie à San Francisco. Depuis 1968, Bishop est resté dans cette faculté.

La célébrité de Bishop est surtout due à son Prix Nobel pour ses travaux sur les oncogènes des Rétrovirus. Par sa collaboration avec Harold E. Varmus dans les années 1980, il a découvert le premier oncogène humaIn. Le résultat de leurs découvertes permit de mieux comprendre comment des tumeurs malignes se forment suite à des changements dans des gènes cellulaires normaux. Ces changements peuvent être produits par des virus, des radiations, ou l'exposition à certains produits chimiques.

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