Poncke Princen

Johan Cornelis Princen (21 novembre 1925, La Haye – 22 février 2002, Jakarta), familièrement appelé Poncke Princen, était un résistant anti-nazi néerlandais et un soldat de l'armée néerlandaise. En 1948, alors qu'il était soldat dans le corps expéditionnaire envoyé par les Pays-Bas en Indonésie pour récupérer leur colonie qui avait proclamé son indépendance le 17 août 1945, il déserte et rejoint le camp républicain. Il passera le restant de sa vie en Indonésie, devenant un militant des droits de l'homme, d'abord sous Soekarno, le premier président de l'Indonésie, puis sous son successeur Soeharto, entrant à plusieurs reprises en détention.

Pour certains, en particulier parmi ses anciens compagnons d'arme, Princen était un traître. Pour d'autres, notamment en Indonésie et au Timor oriental, mais également dans sa patrie d'origine et dans d'autres pays, il est un héros.

Sommaire 1 L'enfance et l'adolescence 2 L'occupation allemande 3 Le service colonial 4 Une décision cruciale 5 Le guerillero indonésien 6 Dissident Parliamentarian, Political Prisoner 7 Prominent Human Rights Activist 8 Prisoner Again, Labour Advocate, Political Reformer 9 Princen and East Timor 10 Attitudes to Princen in the Netherlands 11 Deteriorating Health and Final Years 12 Princen Archives in Amsterdam 13 Notes

L'enfance et l'adolescence

Princen, qui avait trois frères et sœurs, était le fils de parents libres-penseurs aux sympathies anarchistes. La vie d'un de ses arrières-grands-pères avait déserté du service militaire, est décrite dans un livre de l'écrivain néerlandais Antoon Coolen.

Malgré cette éducation, le jeune Princen s'intéresse à la religion catholique, influencé par les parents de sa mère, Theresia Princen-Van der Lee. En 1939, il entre au séminaire du Saint Esprit de Weert, suivi par son frère cadet Kees, avec lequel il entretiendra une correspondance tout le long de sa vie mouvementée. C'est alors qu'il est au séminaire que l'Allemagne nazie envahit et occupe les Pays-Bas.

Princen ne sera jamais prêtre. En 1942, alors qu'il n'a que 17 ans, Il est engagé comme conseiller économique au Teppemaand Vargroup Groothandel voor Chemische Producten, une entreprise chimique dont le siège est à la La Haye. Il ne restera toutefois pas longtemps à ce poste non plus, résolu à prendre les armes contre les occupants de son pays.

L'occupation allemande

En 1943, Princen est arrêté par les autorités d'occupation allemande à Maastricht, alors qu'il tentait de gagner l'Espagne, d'où il espérait rejoindre l'Angleterre pour s'engager dans les troupes alliées. Il fut condamné pour « tentative d'assistance à l'ennemi » et envoyé au camp de concentration d'Hertogenbosch en 1944.

Le jour du débarquement en Normandie, il est transféré à la Kriegswehrmachtgefängnis (prison militaire de la Wehrmach) d'Utrecht. Là, il distrait ses camarades de détention en leur lisant à haute voix un de ses livres favoris, Pastoor Poncke (Le Pasteur Poncke) de l'écrivain néerlandais Jan Eekhout. Cela lui vaut le surnom de "Poncke", qu'il gardera le reste de sa vie.

Puis il est transféré au camp de prisonniers d'Amersfoort et de là, à Beckum en Allemagne. Il passera ainsi dans pas moins de sept prisons et camps nazis avant d'être finalement libéré à l'arrivée al des forces alliées.

Dès sa libération, Princen rejoint le Stoottroepen Regiment Brabant (régiment des troupes d'assaut du Brabant basé dans la province du Brabant du Nord.

En 1945, il travaille au nouvellement créé Bureau voor Nationale Veiligheid (Bureau de la sûreté nationale, précurseur de l'actuel Service de la sûreté néerlandais. A l'époque, cette agence est essentiellement occupée à traquer les collaborateurs et les criminels de guerre, mais également à surveiller les indigènes des Indes néerlandaises résidant aux Pays-Bas, soupçonnés de sympathiser pour la rébellion contre la domination néerlandaise qui agite leur pays d'origine.

Le service colonial

En mars 1946, Princen, comme d'autres jeunes Néerlandais, est appelé à rejoindre l'armée royale néerlandaise. Il prend part à ce que les Pays-Bas appellent officiellement les politionele acties ("actions de police") et les Indonésiens, la Revolusi.

Peu désireux de prendre part à cette guerre, Princen s'enfuit en France. Mais apprenant que sa mère est malade, il rentre au pays et est arrêté par la Maréchaussée, qui l'enferme à Schoonhoven. Le 28 décembre 1946, il est embarqué à bord du transport de troupe Sloterdijk. Ce sera la dernière fois qu'il verra son pays natal, si l'on exclut une brève visite plusieurs décennies plus tard.

A bord du même navire se trouvait aussi le jeune communiste néerlandais Piet van Staveren, lui aussi insoumis. Staveren désertera également pour rejoindre le camp indonésien. Il en semble pas toutefois qu'il y ait eu la moindre collusion entre les deux.

Une décision cruciale

A l'arrivée de Princen en Indonésie, proceedings were initiated against Princen on charges of desertion. On October 22, 1947, he was sentenced to twelve months' imprisonment for desertion, but actually spent only four months at the Cisarua Prison Camp, the rest being suspended, and was then returned to active service.

He was increasingly displeased with the haughty and contemptuous attitude of fellow soldiers to the local population, and was present at some bloody incidents which greatly increased his disaffection. As he many years later explained, "An adolescence under Nazi rule and two years in German imprisonment has directed my life and made me fight against cruelty. I thought the Indonesians were right. I thought they should be the ones to decide their own future. (...) I was disgusted with the Dutch killing people I admired”^[1].

In January, 1948, the UN brokered a fragile cease-fire, but almost immediately both sides violated the truce in multiple incidents and the Dutch forces made preparations for a new operation against the rebel forces.

It was at this time, while being on leave at Sukabumi, that Princen took on September 25, 1948, the irrevocable step which shaped the rest of his life. He crossed the Line of Demarcation into rebel-held territory, and via Semarang reached Yogyakarta, the provisional capital of the self-proclaimed Indonesian Republic - where the suspicious Indonesian nationalists promptly threw him into their own prison.

Le guerillero indonésien

En décembre 1948, les Hollandais lancent l’Operatie Kraai ("Opération Corbeau"), prennent rapidement Yogyakarta, alors capitale de la République d'Indonésie, et arrêtent Soekarno et la plupart des dirigeants indonésiens (voir Révolution indonésienne).

C'est durant cette attaque que les Indonésiens libèrent Princen et lui proposent de rejoindre l'armée indonésienne, ce qu'il accepte. La jeune république est alors dans une situation catastrophique. Ses dirigeants sont en prison, et les Hollandais ont repris le contrôle de la plupart du territoire indonésien. Les Indonésiens poursuivent la lutte par une guerrilla intensive, ce qui leur vaut la sympathie et le soutien au niveau international.

Princen se dévoue totalement à sa nouvelle cause. Il prend part à la retraite de la division Siliwangi alors commandée par un colonel Nasution, depuis le centre de Java jusque dans l'ouest de l'île, événement que les Indonésiens appellent "la longue marche de Siliwangi" (en référence à la Longue marche de Mao). Princen est nommé officier d'état-major de la 2ème brigade, dans le secteur de Purwakarta.

On one occasion in the beginning of August 1949, Dutch troops shot dead Princen's wife Odah, with Princen himself narrowly avoiding being killed^[2]. When asked in a press interview many years later "Did you actually shoot at Dutch soldiers? Did you kill some of them?" he answered forthrightly "Yes, I did"^[3].

Princen quickly became famous (or notorious, as the case may be). In a struggle decided as much in the international public opinion and diplomatic forums as in the field, the presence of an articulate ex-Dutch soldier with an impeccable anti-Nazi past in the rebel ranks had an obvious political and propaganda significance.

Princen's act aroused bitter hostility against him in his homeland, which was still much in evidence half a century later. Some even accused him of having allowed himself to be used as a bait to draw Dutch soldiers into ambush. A Dutch court martial sentenced him to death in absentia, and when the Dutch finally decided to evacuate Indonesia, they made a strong demand for his extradition.

The by then freed Soekarno, founding father and first president of Indonesia, would not hear of it. Instead, on October 5, 1949, he awarded Princen the Guerrilla Star (Bintang Gerilya - see (see [13]), highest decoration of the new nation whose citizen the former Dutch soldier perforce became.

Princen's career as a rebel and dissident was, however, far from over. Due to his rebellious nature and unique passion for standing up for the discriminated and downtrodden, he was to be imprisoned again and again, both by the same Soekarno and by Soekarno's rival and successor Soeharto, to a total of eight and a half years behind bars.

The decoration he got from Soekarno - a small five-pointed bronze star on which were etched the words "Pahlawan Gerilja" (Guerrilla Hero), and which Princen conspicuously displayed until the end of his days - was to give him at least some protection from the most harsh forms of repression to which successive Indonesian regimes resorted against many other dissidents and political opponents.

Dissident Parliamentarian, Political Prisoner

Soon after the war Princen got married again - to the Dutch Janneke Marckmann (until 1971) and later to Sri Mulyati , who was to remain his companion until his death. All together he had four children: Ratnawati, Iwan Hamid, Nicolaas and Wilanda.

His desire to "immerse himself in Indonesia" was also manifested in a conversion to Islam, the predominant religion in Indonesian society. Asked why he had changed his religion, he later explained to a visitor: "I wanted to feel a part of what everyone else was doing". In later life, his name was on some formal occasions preceded by the Muslim honorific Hajji, usually bestowed upon those who had gone on pilgrimage to Mecca.

Between 1950 and 1953 Princen was an official at the Indonesian Immigration Office. In his free time, he toured Java by motor-bike, earning for himself a case of skin cancer that disfigured him in later life until friends got the money together for skin grafts.

In 1956 he became a Member of the Indonesian Parliament on behalf of IPKI (Ikatan Pendukung Kemerdekaan Indonesia - "League of Upholders of Indonesian Independence"), and was considered a representative of the foreign minority in Indonesia.

As a parliamentarian he repeatedly posed uncomfortable questions to the Soekarno Government, on such issues as the unequal division of national resources and income between the central island of Java and the outlying islands. He was apparently one of the "obstructing parliamentarians" whom Soekarno found annoying and whose activity was among the factors which finally led the President to replace the Western-type parliamentary system with "guided democracy" in 1959.

Even before then, Princen's outspoken criticism caused him to be arrested and imprisoned in 1957-1958. And he spent Soekarno's final years, characterized by increasingly violent power struggles in Indonesia, again serving a prison term 1962-1966^[4].

Prominent Human Rights Activist

Having come to strongly oppose Soekarno, Princen - like quite a few other dissidents - initially placed some hopes in Soeharto, who overthrew him in the 1965-66 coup d'état and whose coming to power had the incidental effect of getting Princen released from prison after four years.

Such hopes were all too soon dashed, when the Soeharto regime proved both extremely brutal and highly corrupt: "My opinion of Mr. Soeharto changed at the moment he started gathering as much money as he could for himself."

In the late 1960s Princen was a correspondent for Netherlands Radio and several Dutch newspapers. This was directly connected with his work as a human rights activist, in which he was to spend most of his time and energy for the reminder of his life and through which he was to gain fame (and in government and army circles, notoriety).

In 1966 Princen founded and headed LPHAM (Lembaga Pembela Hak-Hak Azasi Manusia - Indonesian Institute for the Defence of Human Rights). It was the first specifically HR organization to be created in the country, and which was to handle many high-profile human rights cases during the years of the Soeharto dictatorship and provide a reliable alternate source of news to Western journalists in Jakarta^[5].

This was actually the very time when the new regime was engaged in the systematic mass killing of hundreds of thousands of supposed Communist supporters - though the full extent of the horror was unknown at the time, either in Indonesia itself or abroad. (Princen would be among those who would eventually reveal it).

Among the earlier campaigns which Princen conducted was on behalf of the left-wing writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, imprisoned and tortured by the Soeharto regime. At the end of 1969 he published, jointly with the journalist Jopie Lasut, an extensive report on the mass murder of Communist sympathizers at Purwodadi in Middle Java - for which Princen and Lasut were promptly arrested and interrogated.

This was followed in the early 1970s by Princen's prominent role in creating a larger organization, the Indonesian Legal Aid Institute (LBHI), where he rubbed shoulders with many other human rights figures including Adnan Buyung Nasution, Frans Winarta and members of the younger generation of activists.

The eulogy published after his death by the Indonesian oppositional news and commentary website Laksamana.Net noted that

Princen's work as a lawyer never earned him much in the way of material wealth. Unlike other prominent human rights lawyers whose careers benefited from their high profile on the human rights front, Princen remained a figure whose only interest was in defending the rights of the small. Visitors to his succession of poky offices in the early '90s remember calling on him to find themselves welcomed by Princen resting in his underwear, and his close friends recall that it was seldom that they were able to leave before parting with a contribution to help pay his driver or his phone bill.

Still, the same obituary also notes that, however widely respected Princen was, "toward the end of his career, much of his work was taken over by younger Indonesians, some of whom felt it inappropriate that the human rights struggle should be led by a man who was still, in their eyes, a foreigner"^[6].

Prisoner Again, Labour Advocate, Political Reformer

As under Soekarno, Princen was under Soeharto jailed several times - mainly on charges of organizing illegal political protests.

In January 1974, the visit of the Japanese Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei sparked rioting by students and urban poor in Jakarta. Ostensibly fuelled by resentment of Japanese exploitation of Indonesia's economy, and to start with possibly encouraged tacitly by some Army commanders, this so-called "Malari Affair" soon "got out of hand" and came to express hitherto repressed popular resentment about the growing gap between rich and poor in Indonesian society and the bureaucratic capitalists connected with the regime^[7].

Involved as an outspoken human rights activist, Princen was among those who found themselves behind bars in the aftermath, and spent the next two years (1974-1976) in jail . Many other dissidents, such as Marsillam Simandjuntak, who would emerge as the 'Mr. Clean' of post-Soeharto Indonesian politics, had the same fate^[8].

In early 1990 Princen had a major role in founding the Merdeka Labor Union (Serikat Buruh Merdeka - "Merdeka" literally means "Independence") - together with Dita Indah Sari, a noted Indonesian labor activist and Amnesty International Prisoner of Conscience. He conducted extensive correspondence with the ILO (International Labor Organization) regarding the conditions of Indonesian workers^[9]. Max White, Princen's friend and co-worker, stated that "Ponke believed that 'Labor rights are human rights', he saw no distinction"^[10].

In 1992 he won the prestigious Yap Thiam Hien Human Rights Award - named for the Chinese Indonesian lawyer Yap Thiam Hien, a fellow human rights activist.

In the early 1990s he was also a founding member of the Petition of Fifty, a movement for democratic reform which included conservative military figures who had fallen out with Soeharto and which for the first time in decades raised a real challenge to his rule. Along with other members of the group including Ali Sadikin and Hoegeng, Princen again found himself persona non-grata with the regime, although he joked to his visitors that by that time he was "too old to put in jail again".

In 1996 he was involved in protests against Soeharto’s crackdown on the Indonesian Democratic Party (PRD). Visiting delegations of international human rights organizations at the time found him "a source of accurate information about those who were attacked at the PRD headquarters".

Much of his time in the following years was spent in writing open letters au président Soeharto, on such issues as demanding the abolition of extrajudicial bodies, asking for answers about "disappearances" in East Timor (and in the capital Jakarta itself), and affirming that political change needed to take place before the Indonesian economy could recover. His once-isolated legal aid organization had become part of a large and growing network of NGO's working for political and social change.

He became widely known as "the man in the wheelchair at political rallies, who is rarely absent from a courtroom during political trials, and at mention of whose name students around the country were smiling with admiration^[11].

A testimony of Princen's activities in that period - a man already more than seventy years old and with a rapidly deteriorating health - was provided by Ed McWilliams, a former officer of the US Foreign Service presently residing at Falls Church, Virginia^[12]:

While working in the U.S. Embassy from 1996 to 1999, I met frequently with J. C. Princen -- often "summoned" to his office to be pressed to follow up on some outrage by the Indonesian (or U.S.) government, or sometimes simply to chat about events.

Among many inspiring memories of Princen one stands out: there was a trial session for one of the Soeharto regime's young "enemies" at the Central District Court in Jakarta. Shortly after it had begun, the normally wheelchair-bound Princen appeared to join friends of the defendant. As the trial session was taking place on the third floor, and there was no elevator, many of us were mystified as to how he had made it to the courtroom.

As the session ended, it became apparent. With the assistance of friends he had climbed the multiple flights of stairs. I was honoured to be asked among others to help him as he made the slow, painful descent back to the ground floor. His willingness to sacrifice for others, his wisdom and his love for the people of Indonesia, especially the poor, made him a tower of strength for Indonesians in their darkest days.

I recall also a conversation in which I joked that it was strange that he had been jailed by both Soekarno and Soeharto, and that he had managed also to irritate president Habibie. I said it seemed he was consistently against all Indonesian governments.

With his playful smile he responded, "No, you have it wrong; it is that I am always on the side of the people." I recall finally what he called his "anthem", Edith Piaf's haunting Non, je ne regrette rien. Truly, he had nothing to regret throughout a long and noble life".

Ironically, the same Piaf song had been taken up, for diametrically opposite reasons, by members of the French Foreign Legion fighting to preserve colonial rule in Algeria.

Princen and East Timor

In 1994 Princen flew to Geneva to testify before the United Nations Commission on Human Rights about the use of torture by Indonesian forces in East Timor and Aceh - a one of the peak moments of his involvement in the brutal struggle going on in both places.

Princen stood out from other Indonesian reformers and dissidents in his early stand in support of East Timorese self-determination, a cause which was for long taboo even in the most progressive circles in Indonesia, where nationalism reigned supreme. His sympathy for the rebellious Timorese was due to much the same reasons which led him in youth to oppose German occupation of the Netherlands and later to renounce his Dutch homeland and throw in his lot with the Indonesian rebels.

Jose Amorim Diaz, a later senior member of the East Timor Foreign Service gave the following reminiscence^[13]:

"(...) Like thousands of Timorese students and activists, I lived and studied in Indonesia for some years since 1980s. In the course of those darkest years of our history, we came to know this great but humble human being, full of humour and compassion, who later became a very good friend of the East Timorese People. He was HJC Princen but known popularly among friends as Poncke.

"When the rest of Indonesia was silent and indifferent before the tragedy of East Timor, Princen opened his 'doors and windows' to the persecuted Timorese students, at the risk of his own life. Working only with his right hand, he typed endless letters of appeal to the civilian and military authorities to protect those alleged political prisoners in East Timor and Indonesia.

"In spite of his fragile health, a couple of times, he flew and spoke out at the UN Commission of Human Rights in Geneva on behalf of those defenceless people.

"His activities, however, drew suspicion and anger from the authorities. His phone was constantly taped. Anonymous calls arrived at his office with insult, intimidation and threat. He was summoned for questioning in the police headquarters. But Princen remained with firmness and determination in his struggle for the voiceless people.

"As the political situation worsened day by day in East Timor, hundreds of young people, students and activists fled East Timor and arrived in Java. Many of them sought political asylum in foreign embassies in Jakarta. Those who stayed behind sought refuge among Indonesian friends. Several took refuge in the house of Princen for months. 'He took care of us, gave us food and shelter', one of the students recalled.

"After the 1991 Santa Cruz Massacre in the Timorese capital Dili, Princen gave sanctuary in his home to five young Timorese who had fled their homeland. A stand-off with the Indonesian military followed, but he successfully negotiated with the Jakarta military commander, General Hendro-priono (then perceived as a liberal harbinger of reform) for their safe passage to Jakarta airport, from whence they travelled to freedom in Portugal".

Princen had some contact with the Timorese leader Xanana Gusmao (later president of independent East Timor) even when Gusmao was still leading the guerilla struggle in East Timor's mountains. After Gusmao's capture by the Indonesian forces in 1992 and his transfer to a Jakarta Prison, the two embarked on a regular correspondence and developed a friendship, though being able to have a (highly emotional) face-to-face meeting only after Reformasi movement gained force in 1998. Thereafter, they continued to meet regularly, discussing the evolution of the democratic struggle in Indonesia.

The Timorese leader's Australian wife, Kirsty Sword, also knew Princen from her work with the Timorese underground after 1990. After his death, she recalled Princen telling her: "In 1949 Soekarno refused to hand me over to the Dutch, but now Soeharto would be happy to do it and get rid of me." She remarked, however: "Despite being a vocal critic, Princen had enormous respect in Indonesia, and was considered almost untouchable."

Attitudes to Princen in the Netherlands

Though branded a traitor, Princen was never completely cut off from his original homeland. The death sentence passed on him absentia was no longer in force, but he was officially considered to be banned from entering the country, having forfeited not only his Dutch citizenship but even the right to visit.

By one account, he did briefly and unobtrusively visit Holland in the 1970s, while in Europe on a human rights mission. By other accounts, he met with family members just across the German border, and on a later date a TV crew took footage of him standing over the border itself, one foot daringly extended on to Dutch soil.

Throughout the years Princen maintained correspondence with his younger brother Kees, as well as with his mother who had in the 1940s tried to intercede for him with the Dutch military authorities - a correspondence eventually deposited, together with many of his other papers, at the Amsterdam-based International Institute of Social History (IISH).

As mentioned, he was a valued reporter for various Dutch communications media. Moreover, some Dutch ministers are reported to have tacitly asked him for information on the East Timor situation, on which he had detailed information simply not available elsewhere.

Interest and controversy over "The Poncke Princen Affair" were re-ignited in the Netherlands by the 1989 publication of Princen's autobiographical book Poncke Princen: Een kwestie van kiezen ("Poncke Princen, a Matter of Choice"), which had been narrated to Joyce van Fenema^[14].

And, Princen did find strong defenders among Dutch left-wing activists, who charged that his continuing rejection was an indication of the country's refusing to come to terms with its dark colonial heritage^[15].

It was the associations of Dutch veterans who had fought in the Indies who remained to the last the most intransigent in their hatred of "Princen The Traitor", undiminished by the passage of half a century. They voiced a vociferous protest whenever the possibility of his visiting the Netherlands was mooted.

Like the American Vietnam War veterans in a later generation, the Dutch veterans had a good reason to feel neglected, their sacrifice ignored and forgotten by the country for which they had fought - and they felt any rehabilitation of Princen to be the ultimate insult. Princen himself, it should be noted, expressed understanding for the motives of the veterans' anger; however, he did say explicitly that he considered the granting of a visa to himself as an admission by the Netherlands of having been in the wrong in 1945-49.

In fact, not quite all veterans were mobilized against him. In 1993 the journalist and former colonial soldier Ger Vaders cordially toured together with Princen the battlefields where they had fought on opposing sides, and made a documentary^[16]. However, Vaders' attempt to secure for Princen a visa to visit the Netherlands failed, the government claiming that war veterans had threatened to kill him if he tried to enter Holland^[17].

In 1994, then Dutch Foreign Minister Hans van Mierlo finally overruled the officials at the Jakarta Embassy and personally authorised giving a visa issued to Princen "on humanitarian grounds" - on condition (which was kept) that he maintain "a low profile" during his visit to the Netherlands and devote it mainly to meeting family members which he had not seen for many decades^[18].

As it turned out, this visit took place at nearly the last moment when Princen's fast-failing health could still stand the long trip. A planned second visit in 1998, which again aroused protests by war veterans, was prevented by his stroke that year.

Only after Princen's death in 2002 did a Dutch cabinet minister, Jan Pronk, officially pay a cautious tribute to him. "Poncke Princen was no hero, martyr or saint, but first and foremost a human rights activist," the minster told Radio Netherlands^[19]

In February of 2009 the documentary ´The White Guerrilla´ made by the Dutch research-journalist Bart Nijpels appeared on the Dutch television (profiel-kro.nl), reconstructing his life (´historical biography´) giving an impartial opinion about his political choices which has been received positively in general by the Dutch public.

Princen's main quote in life has always been: The Consequence of a Consequence is a Consequence.

Deteriorating Health and Final Years

In March 1998, the 73-year old Princen - on a wheelchair and undergoing what was described as "mutilating surgery" for his skin cancer - was among some 150 activists who openly violated a ban on political protests in the capital Jakarta, protesting the undermocratic re-election of Soeharto and defying the police to arrest them. As it turned out, that was a last effort in the long struggle, and Soeharto finally fell from power two months later.

However, later in the same year Princen suffered the first in a series of near-fatal strokes and remained bedridden, tended by his daughter Wilanda Princen, for his remaining years. Yet "his luminous spirit shone through his crippled wreck of a body, and he continued his work as before", as Australian journalist Jill Jolliffe who knew him well put it^[20].

On 22 February, 2002, Princen suffered his final stroke and died at the age of 76, in his home on Jl. Arjuna III No. 24 in Pisangan Baru, Utan Kayu Selatan in East Jakarta. He is survived by his wife, Sri Mulyati, and four children - two sons and two daughters (some of them residing in the Netherlands).

Before his death, Princen had specifically requested that he be buried alongside ordinary people in the public cemetery at Pondok Kelapa in East Jakarta, and renounced the place in the Heroes' Cemetery at Kalibata to which he was entitled by the Guerrilla Star which Soekarno gave him.

Many friends from the years of his struggle against the excesses of successive Indonesian governments attended his funeral - "from the movements of 1945 [Indonesian Independence struggle] , 1966 (chute de Soekarno) et 1974 [Malari Affair]". There were noted activists and human rights lawyers such as Luhut Pangaribuan, Muchtar Pakpahan, Hariman Siregar, Jopy Lasut and Gurmilang Kartasasmita.

His American friend Max White remarked: "When I learned who was at the memorial service, and at the mosque and cemetery, I was struck by how wide a swath of Indonesia mourned him: from former 'tapols' [political prisoners] to members of the government and military".

"We will miss him deeply ... a person of such fine quality, rich life experience and persistence in defending his belief in human rights," said Munir, Princen's young colleague at the Commission for Missing Persons and Victims and Violence (Kontras).

He was also mourned in the East Timorese capital Dili, where Xanana Gusmao - soon to be inaugurated president - said that he was deeply saddened by Princen's death: "He was my friend, and he encouraged us in our struggle. East Timor owes a lot to him."

The aforementioned Jose Amorim Diaz added: "He was a great friend, a friend who gave us courage and inspiration. A friend who taught us moderation, tolerance and dialogue. Above all, a friend who shared our pain and grief.(...) With immense sadness we bow our heads to this noble man who has devoted his entire life for the cause of Human Rights, Democracy and Peace."

Princen Archives in Amsterdam

Hersri Setiawan - Indonesian poet, left-wing activist and former political prisoner, who knew Princen and who presently resides in the Nethelrands - collected many Indonesian testimonies and documents for the Amsterdam-based IISG (International Institute of Social History) ((see [14], [15]).

Among many other Indonesian collections, Poncke Princen's archives were deposited in the institute in 1998, the year when a stroke left him bed-ridden for his remaining years. They include:

• Correspondence with Kees Princen 1989-1996 and with other family members 1944-1973
• Diary 1947
• Personal documents 1961, 1963, 1990s
• Letters and other documents on his 70th birthday 1995
• Biographical documents, including reports and notes 1987-1992
• Files on his support of the opposition in East Timor 1982-1993
• On the activities of the LPHAM 1987-1990
• On his trade union activities, including correspondence with the ILO 1990-1995
• On politics and political parties in Indonesia 1991-1996
• Files concerning Indonesian political prisoners and ex-tapols 1993
• Documents regarding the death of Poncke Princen 2002

Also included are manuscripts and academic papers, such as :

• `Waarom kreeg J.C. `Poncke' Princen geen visum?, of De last van het koloniaal verleden' (Why did J.C. `Poncke' Princen get no visa?, or the burden of the colonial past) by Kaj Hofman, 1994.
• "De affaire-Poncke Princen" (The Poncke Princen Affair) by Julika Vermolen, 1993.
• "Chronologisch overzicht van het bezoek van Poncke Princen aan Nederland" (Chronological overview of Poncke Princen's visit to the Netherlands) made by Jan de Vletter, December 1994.
• "De verwerking van de politionele acties" (Working out the politionele acties) by Job Spierings, Martijn Gunther Moor and Thomas Dirkmaat, 1995.
• "Poncke Princen, een gemoedelijke radicaal in Indonesie" (Poncke Princen, a good-mooded radical in Indonesia) by Kees Snoek.
• The unpublished manuscript of a novel about Poncke Princen by Hannah Rambe.

Notes

• Portail de l’Indonésie