Present participle
- Present participle
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Participe
Cet article concerne le sens grammatical du mot « participe ». Pour les significations de ce mot, voir
Participe (homonymie).
En grammaire, le participe est un mode du verbe qui lui donne les caractéristiques d'un adjectif : en effet, dans les langues flexionnelles, il ne se conjugue pas mais se fléchit comme un adjectif, d'autant plus quand il accompagne un nom, avec lequel il peut s'accorder (en cas, genre, nombre, etc., mais pas en personne).
Participe présent et passé
En grammaire française, le participe possède deux temps liés à deux voix :
- présent ; un tel participe est le plus souvent actif (chantant = « qui chante », voyant = « qui voit », croyant = « qui croit »). La grammaire scolaire nomme gérondif une forme composée de la préposition en suivie d'un participe présent (en marchant) ;
- passé ; la plupart du temps un participe passé est passif (vu = « qui est vu », cru = « qui est cru », donné = « qui est donné »). Il sert de second élément apportant le sens lexical dans un temps composé : j'ai donné.
Participe futur
Certaines langues, tels le latin ou l'espéranto, utilisent également un participe futur.
Exemples :
- (latin) amaturus, -a, -um : allant aimer, devant aimer.
- (espéranto) Mi estas venonta : Je vais venir, Je suis sur le point de venir.
Voir aussi
Catégories : Conjugaison | Adjectif | Verbe
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present participle — n. Gram. a participle used a) with auxiliaries to show present or continuing action or state of being (Ex.: growing in “he is growing”) b) as an adjective (Ex.: growing in “a growing boy”) … English World dictionary
present participle — present participles N COUNT In grammar, the present participle of a verb is the form which ends in ing . Present participles are used to form continuous tenses, as in She was wearing a neat blue suit . They are often nouns, as in I hate cooking… … English dictionary
present participle — n technical a ↑participle that is formed in English by adding ing to the verb, as in sleeping . It can be used in ↑compound forms of the verb to show ↑continuous tenses, as in she s sleeping , or as an adjective, as in the sleeping child … Dictionary of contemporary English
present participle — noun count LINGUISTICS in English, the form of a verb that ends in ing and expresses continuing action, for example the word fishing. It can sometimes be used as an adjective, for example in the screaming baby … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
present participle — ► NOUN Grammar ▪ the form of a verb, ending in ing in English, which is used in forming continuous tenses (e.g. I m thinking), as a noun (e.g. good thinking), and as an adjective (e.g. running water) … English terms dictionary
present participle — noun a participle expressing present action; in English is formed by adding ing • Hypernyms: ↑participle, ↑participial * * * noun, pl ⋯ ciples [count] grammar : a verb form that ends in “ ing” and that is used with “be” to refer to action that is … Useful english dictionary
present participle — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms present participle : singular present participle plural present participles linguistics in English, the form of a verb that ends in ing and expresses continuing action, for example the word fishing . It can… … English dictionary
present participle — noun A verb form that indicates an ongoing action or state in the present and which can function as an adjective. Syn: p.pr. See Also: future participle, participle, past participle, perfect passive participle … Wiktionary
present participle — /prɛzənt ˈpatəsɪpəl/ (say prezuhnt pahtuhsipuhl) noun a participle with present meaning, as growing in a growing boy . –present participial /prɛzənt patəˈsɪpɪəl/ (say prezuhnt pahtuh sipeeuhl), adjective …
present participle — noun Date: 1864 a participle that typically expresses present action in relation to the time expressed by the finite verb in its clause and that in English is formed with the suffix ing and is used in the formation of the progressive tenses … New Collegiate Dictionary
