Sitch
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Sitch (féminin), Січ en ukrainien, Setch (Сечь) en russe, était le centre politique démocratique des cosaques, particulièrement des Zaporogues. L'instance suprême de décision de la sitch était la rada, l'Assemblée des Cosaques.
Son nom provient du verbe ukrainien "сікти" (sikty), "couper", qui signifie aussi aménager une clairière, éventuellement en construisant une clôture avec les troncs des arbres coupés à cette occasion. Січ veut aussi dire "janvier".
La Sitch des Zaporogues fut du XVI° au XVIII° la capitale des cosaques zaporogues au bord du fleuve Dniepr en Ukraine. Lorsqu'en 1775 l'impératrice Catherine II de Russie a détruit la liberté des Zaporogues, une partie d'entre eux se sont installés dans le delta du Danube sous domination ottomane, où ils ont construit une Sitch du Danube, alors que d'autres allaient s'installer dans le Kouban, au nord-ouest du Caucase.
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Site de la première Sitch des Zaporogues à Khortyzia
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Contenu soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA. Source : Article Sitch de Wikipédia en français (auteurs)
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