Nissan Spivak
- Nissan Spivak
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Nissan Spivak (né en 1824, mort en 1906) était un chantre et compositeur juif.
Exerçant à Bălţi, en Bessarabie, il était généralement connu comme ‘Nisn Belzer’. Il fut ensuite chantre à Kishinev (dans l'actuelle Moldavie) et, à partir de 1877, à Berditchev (dans l'actuelle Ukraine).
Dans son enfance, il eut un accident qui endommagea sa voix, mais il se construisit une grande réputation comme compositeur et conducteur de chœur. C'est précisément son handicap vocal qui l'amena à développer une musique synagogale originale dans laquelle le chœur n'avait plus la simple fonction d'accompagner ou de répondre à l'officiant, mais se voyait assigner de longs ensembles — avec des solos et des duets — réduisant le rôle du chantre. Nissan Spivak attira de nombreux étudiants à Berditchev, et emmena ses choristes dans d'autres centres, y compris au sein des « cours » hassidiques.
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