Joseph Duveen

Joseph Duveen
Joseph Duveen dans les années 1920.

Joseph Duveen (14 octobre 1869 – 25 mai 1939, Londres), 1er baron Duveen, est un des plus célèbres marchands d'art du XXe siècle.

Issu d'une famille de courtiers d'objets d'art juifs néerlandais, il comprend jeune que les fortunes accumulées aux États-Unis pouvaient acheter les œuvres d'art détenues par des aristocrates européens désargentés et bâtit sa fortune sur ce constat.

À partir de 1906 il employa Bernard Berenson comme expert dans ses transactions de tableaux anciens.

En 1907, il fit réaliser par l'architecte néoclassique René Sergent (1865-1927), en s'inspirant du Petit Trianon de Versailles, un magasin d'exposition en fond de cour au 20, place Vendôme à Paris.

Parmi ses clients fortunés figurent Henry Clay Frick, William Randolph Hearst, J.P. Morgan, Andrew Mellon ou John D. Rockefeller.

Il fut à l'origine de la construction de National Gallery of Art, à Washington.

Il fit de nombreuses donations, ainsi, il donna entre autres à l'État Français le tableau Le violon du peintre post-impressionniste Georges Dufrénoy en 1926.

Grâce à des donations philantropiques qu'il effectua auprès de musées anglais, en 1933, il fut anobli sous le titre de baron Duveen of Milbank.

Biographies :

- N.S. Behrmann, "Duveen" (The New Yorker), traduit en français sous le titre "Duveen - La chasse aux chefs-d'oeuvre" (Hachette, coll. choses vues-aventures vécues, 1953) réédité en 1972 ?:

- Meryl Secrest, "Duveen, a Life in Art" (New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2004);

- C. Simpson, "Artful partners" (1986);

Son collègue René Gimpel (1881-1945), époux de sa plus jeune sœur Florence Duveen, l'évoque à maintes reprises dans son "Journal d'un collectionneur marchand de tableaux" 1918-1939 (Calmann-Lévy, 1963), et en donne cette sévère appréciation suite à un désaccord survenu entre eux à propos de l'authenticité d'un primitif français de la collection Frick, un des clients de Duveen :

" (…) il n'a aucune connaissance en peinture, ne vend qu'étayé par des certificats d'experts, mais son intelligence lui a permis de soutenir une façade lézardée dans ce pays où il y a encore si peu de connaisseurs." (carnet du 26/03/1923, p. 230)


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  • Bernard Berenson — (born June 26, 1865 Butrimonys (now in Alytus district of Lithuania) ndash; October 6, 1959 Florence Italy) was an American art historian specializing in the Renaissance. He was a major figure in establishing the market for paintings by the Old… …   Wikipedia

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