Ibn Umail

Ibn Umail

Ibn Umail (Mohammed ibn Umail al-Tamini, en arabe أبو عبد الله محمد بن أميل التميمي ) est un alchimiste arabe du Xe siècle. Dans la littérature latine médiévale il est appelé Senior Zadith (parfois simplement Senior)[1] ou Zadith filius Hamuelis (traduction de Ibn Umail).

Il est l'auteur de plusieurs traité alchimiques Hall ar-Rumuz (Explication des symboles), le Kitâb mafâtîh al-hikma al-`uzmâ, et le plus connu Kitâb al-mâ' al-waraqî wa al-ardh al-najmîya (The Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth, en latin Tabula Chemica) [2], qui est un commentaire de son propre poème didactique (une ode : Qasîda) alchimique Risâla al-shams ilâ al-hilâl (Lettre du Soleil à la Lune e, en 67 strophes, qui lui est aussi attribué.

The Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth reproduit de nombreuses citations d'auteurs alchimiques, parmi lesquels des « paroles d'Hermès », dont certaines proviennent d'originaux grecs, et d'autres sont des apocryphes arabes du Xe siècle[3]

Une mauvaise traduction latine en avait été faite dès le XII° ou le XII° siècle[4]. La Tabula Chemica, est, avec la Turba philosophorum, l'un des premiers et principaux traités alchimiques traduits de l'arabe en latin. Elle comporte de larges extraits du commentaire, et une partie du poème sous le titre , Epistola solis ad lunam crescentem). la Tabula Chemica sont cités et illustrés dans l'Aurora consurgens, un manuscrit enluminé qui est l'un des premiers cycles d'illustrations alchimiques à la fin du Moyen Âge.

  1. ↑ Selon Julius Ruska Zadith viendrait phonétiquement de l'expression honorifique al-sadik, et Senior du titre Cheïkh - Julius Ruska, Senior Zadith = Ibn Umail. Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 31, 1928, pp. 665-666.
  2. ↑ Julius Ruska, Studien zu Muhammad Ibn Umail al-Tamimi's Kitab al-Ma' al-Waraqi wa'l-Ard an-Najmiyah,Isis, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Feb., 1936), pp. 310-342.
  3. ↑ E. J. Holmyard Alchemy p 102
  4. ↑ Présences d’Hermès Trismégiste Albin Michel - Cahiers de l’Hermétisme. Visages d'Hermès Trismégiste (documents iconographiques), Antoine Faivre, p. 49

Bibliographie

  • (en) M. Turab 'Ali, M. Hidayat Husain, HE Stapleton Three Arabic treatises on alchemy by Mohammed ibn Umail in Memoirs of the Society of Bengal 12 (1933), p. 1-213.
  • (de) Julius Ruska, Der Urtext der Tabula Chemica, Archeion 16 (1934)
  • (de) Julius Ruska, Studien zu Muhammad Ibn Umail al-Tamimi's Kitab al-Ma' al-Waraqi wa'l-Ard an-Najmiyah,Isis, Vol. 24, No. 2 (Feb., 1936), pp. 310-342.
  • (en) Marianne Maronovic-Vogg "Son of Heaven" The Middle Netherlands Translation of the Latin Tabula Chemica in Alchemy Revisited: Proceedings of the International Conference on the History of Alchemy at the University of Groningen, 17-19 April 1989 édité par Z. R. W. M. von Martels - Brill Archive, 1990 sur googlebooks
  • (en) Italo Ronca: 'Senior de chemia: A Reassessment of the Medieval Latin Translation of Ibn Umayl's 'Al–mâ al–waraqî wa 'l–ard al–najmiyya' Bulletin de philosophie médiévale 37 (1995), 9–31
  • (en) Italo Ronca Religious Symbolism in Medieval Islamic and Christian Alchemy in Western esotericism and the science of religion: selected papers presented at the 17th Congress of the International Association for the History of Religions, Mexico City, 1995 Antoine Faivre, Wouter J. Hanegraaff, Peeters Publishers, 1998 [1]

Liens externes


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