Turnpike Trusts
- Turnpike Trusts
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Institués en Angleterre par une loi de 1707, les Turnpike Trusts étaient organismes indépendants publics chargés de leur côté de collecter des commissions sur le trafic routier pour améliorer les routes, au moment où se développe le concept de public trust.
Les commissions faisaient payer bien les usagers venant d'autres régions mais aussi les collectivités locales, qui devaient conserver les sommes, sous l'autorité d'un contrôleur et d'un trésorier, veillant à ce qu'elles soient réinvesties dans l'entretien et l'amélioration du réseau routier. Plus de 20.000 miles de routes étaient sous le controle des turnpike trusts avant les années 1830, pour des commissions annuelles de 1,5 million de sterling.
Ce système encouragea la création d'un système de diligences. John Metcalf (1717-1810), qui avait combattu les "rebéllion jacobites" de 1745 avait par exemple institué une diligence entre Knaresborough et York. De 1765 à sa mort en 1810, il a conçu et construit la plupart des nouvelles routes du Lancashire et du Cheshire, d'une longueur totale de 185 miles.
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