Muhammad al-Mutawakkil

Muhammad al-Mutawakkil
Page d'aide sur l'homonymie Pour les articles homonymes, voir al-Mutawakkil.

Abû `Abd Allah Mohammed al-Mutawwakil al-Maslûkh[1] (né en ? - mort en 1578) surnommé Al-Maslûkh (l'écorché[2]) fut le quatrième sultan de la dynastie saadienne de 1574 à 1576.

Biographie

Fils de Moulay Abdallah et frère d'Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik, il s'insurgea contre son oncle pour prendre le trône royal. Impuissant, il se réfugia au Portugal demandant de l'aide au roi Sébastien Ier.

Celui-ci entreprit une expédition, suivi du prince déchu, sous forme de croisade. Sébastien et Motaouakil se heurtèrent devant l'armée marocaine dirigée par Abdalmalik près de l'oued makhzen (à Ksar el-Kébir en arabe, Alcácer-Quibir en portugais).

La bataille — connue dans l'histoire comme la bataille des Trois Rois — tourna en une victoire fulgurante pour Abdalmalik et ses contingents, même s'il trouva la mort. Ce fut un désastre pour l'armée portugaise. Sébastien Ier et le prince déchu, comme Abdalmalik, y trouvèrent tous deux la mort.

Conséquence, cette défaite entraîna une crise de succession car Sébastien n'avait pas laissé un héritier masculin, de ce fait l'Espagne de Phillipe II en profita pour dominer le Portugal avant que celui-ci ne retrouve son indépendance en 1640.

Précédé par Muhammad al-Mutawakkil Suivi par
Abdallah el-Ghalib
Icone-Islam.svg Saadiens Transparent.gif
Abu Marwan Abd el-Malik

Notes

  1. ↑ arabe : ʾabū ʿabd allāh muḥammad al-mutawwakil al-maslūḫ, أبو عبد الله محمد المتوكل المسلوخ
  2. ↑ Après sa défaite à la bataille de Ksar el Kebir, le sultan Ahmed al-Mansur Saadi qui, succédant à son frère, prit le pouvoir, fit écorcher son oncle retrouvé noyé, et promener sa dépouille gonflée d'air parmi son armée. cf Jornada de Africa, de Jerónimo de Mendonça, Lisbonne, 1600

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