Nayanar

Nayanar
Shiva et ses sectateurs

Les Nayanar ou Nayanmar étaient des poètes religieux shivaïstes du Tamil Nadu, en Inde, qui furent actifs entre le Ve siècle et le Xe siècle.

Sommaire

Présentation

L'hagiographie shivaïste tamoule Periya Puranam, l'un des volumes du Tirumurai, écrit durant le XIIIe siècle, raconte l'histoire de chacun des soixante-trois Nayanar, bien que ce nombre ait sans doute été choisi pour sa valeur symbolique.

L'hagiographie jaïne Mahapurana, un ouvrage en sanskrit du IXe siècle de Jinasena, qui liste soixante-trois saints jaïns, a probablement fourni la base du Periya Puranam ainsi que le nombre de Nayanar[1].

L'œuvre du VIIIe siècle de Cuntarar, Tiruttondar tokai, dresse la liste de soixante saints shivaïstesref>Dr R. Nagasamy. Siva Bhakthi. Chapter 2.</ref>, mais ne donne aucune des légendes qui leur sont associées. Au Xe siècle, Nambiyandar Nambi a composé le Tirrutontar Antati, en ajoutant Cuntarar lui-même et ses parents à la liste, créant ainsi le chiffre canonique de soixante-trois, avec de brefs aperçus des légendes correspondantes.

Les origines sociales des Nayanar étaient fort diverses, allant des rois et des soldats aux intouchables. Les Nayanar les plus en vue étaient Appar, Cuntarar et Campantar. Avec les douze Alvar vishnouïtes, les Nayanar étaient parfois considérés comme faisant partie des « 75 apôtres de la Bhakti » de l'Inde du Sud du fait de leur importance dans la montée du mouvement hindou de la Bhakti.

Les soixante-trois Nayanmars

  1. Anaya
  2. Adipaththa
  3. Aiyadigal Kaadavarkon, Pallava King Aiyadigal Perumaanaar
  4. Amaraneedi Nayanar
  5. Appudhi Adigal
  6. Arivattaya
  7. Chandeshvara Nayanar
  8. Dhandiyadigal
  9. Enatinatha
  10. Eripaththa
  11. Eyarkon Kalikkaama
  12. Gananatha
  13. Idankazhi
  14. Ilayankudi maranar
  15. Isaignaniyaar (femme)
  16. Iyarpagaiar
  17. Kaari
  18. Kalikkamba
  19. Kaliya
  20. Kanampulla
  21. Kannappa Nayanar
  22. Karaikkal Ammeiyar (femme)
  23. Kazharchinga
  24. Kazharir-rarivaar, roi Chera, également Cheraman Perumal
  25. Kochengat Cholan, un roi Chola
  26. Kootruva
  27. Kotpuli
  28. Kulachchirai
  29. Kungiliyak Kalaya
  30. Manakkanychaara Nayanar
  31. Mangayarkkarachiyar (femme)
  32. Meiporul Nayanar
  33. Murkha
  34. Murti
  35. Munayaduvaar
  36. Muruga
  37. Nami Nandi Adigal
  38. Narasingha Munayaraya
  39. Nesa Nayanar
  40. Ninra Seer Nedumaara
  41. Perumizhalaik Kurumba
  42. Pusalar
  43. Pugal Chola, un roi Chola
  44. Pugazh Thunai Nayanar
  45. Saakkiya
  46. Sadaiya Nayanar
  47. Saththi
  48. Seruthtunai
  49. Sirappuli
  50. Siruttonda
  51. Somaachi
  52. Sundarar
  53. TirugnaanaSambandar
  54. Tirukkuripput Tonda
  55. Tirumular
  56. Thirunalai Povar Nayanar, connu sous son nom populaire de Nandanar
  57. Tirunavukkarasar, connu aussi sous son nom populaire de Appar
  58. Thiruneelakandar
  59. Tirunilakanda Yaazpaana
  60. Tirunilanakka
  61. Uruttira Pasupati
  62. Vaayilaar
  63. Viralminda nayanar

Annexes

Références

  1. ↑ N.Subramaniam, Social and Cultural History of Tamilnad (to AD 1336), Ennes Publication Udumalpet 642 128, 1975 

Bibliographie

Articles connexes

Liens externes


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