Doctorate of philosophy
- Doctorate of philosophy
-
Philosophiæ doctor
- Pour un article plus général sur les doctorats anglo-saxons, voir Doctorate
Le philosophiæ doctor (ou doctor philosophiæ ; en français, docteur en philosophie ; en anglais, doctor of philosophy ou en abrégé Ph.D. ou PhD) est, dans le système universitaire anglo-saxon, l'intitulé le plus courant d'un diplôme de doctorat. Le terme philosophie est utilisé dans son sens antérieur au XIXe siècle et désigne ici l'étude générale des connaissances.
Historique
Cet intitulé fut popularisé au XIXe siècle par l’université Friedrich Wilhelm de Berlin qui l'utilisait comme sanction d'un travail de recherche original d'un relativement jeune chercheur, dans les sciences ou les lettres. Il s'oppose en cela aux doctorats conférés à des chercheurs plus âgés déjà reconnus ou aux doctorats honorifiques.
L'intitulé arrive aux États-Unis à l’université Yale en 1861 et à l’université Harvard en 1872.
Il se répand ensuite au Canada et au Royaume-Uni.
Il est comparable aux doctorats ès sciences et ès lettres mis en place en France en 1808.
Portail de l’éducation
Catégories : Diplôme | Troisième cycle universitaire | Titre universitaire
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