- Tipula
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Tipula
Tipula oleracea Classification Règne Animalia Embranchement Arthropoda Sous-embr. Hexapoda Classe Insecta Sous-classe Pterygota Infra-classe Neoptera Super-ordre Endopterygota Ordre Diptera Sous-ordre Nematocera Infra-ordre Tipulomorpha Super-famille Tipuloïdea Famille Tipulidae Sous-famille Tipulinae Genre Tipula
Linnaeus, 1758
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sont disponibles sur CommonsTipula − du latin tippula « araignée d'eau »[1] − est un genre de diptère dont le représentant le plus connu est la Tipule potagère (Tipula oleracea), nuisible aux cultures maraîchères en France. De même, les larves des Tipules des prairies (Tipula paludosa, Tipula vernalis) peuvent engendrer des dégâts dans les cultures maraîchères.
Sommaire
L'adulte
La tipule est un insecte diptère de la famille des tipulidés dont l'aspect rappelle celui d'un moustique de très grande taille. Cependant, ce n'est pas un insecte piqueur.
Il est fréquent d'en voir à la fin du printemps ou pendant l'été au Canada et en France. On voit la tipule au début de l'automne lorsqu'elle cherche à entrer dans les habitations pour se protéger des premiers frimas.
En France et en Belgique, on l'appelle aussi cousin[2] mais ce terme est aussi réservé à d'autres moustiques : « cousin commun » (Culex pipiens), « cousin annelé » (Culiseta annulata).
La larve
La larve est un long asticot gris qui vit dans le sol où elle se nourrit de racines de plantes.
Histoire
En septembre 2010, une recrudescence de tipules a lieu en France : après une fin d'été sèche, elle est due à l'éclosion simultanée de toutes les larves, évitant l'asphyxie des sols inondés[3].
Galerie photos
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couvert de rosée
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détail de la tête
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Adulte
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larve
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Ctenophora sp.
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tête de Tipulidae
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Ctenophora sp.
Liste des espèces du genre Tipula
Liste des espèces du genre Tipula- Tipula abdominalis Say
- Tipula abscissa Alexander, 1946
- Tipula accurata Alexander, 1927
- Tipula acuta
- Tipula acutipleura Doane, 1912
- Tipula aequalis Doane, 1901
- Tipula afflicta Dietz, 1915
- Tipula aitkeniana Alexander, 1944
- Tipula alascaensis Alexander, 1923
- Tipula alaska Alexander, 1918
- Tipula albertensis Alexander, 1927
- Tipula albimacula Doane, 1901
- Tipula albocaudata Doane, 1901
- Tipula albocincta Doane, 1901
- Tipula albofascia Doane, 1901
- Tipula alcestis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula aldrichiana Alexander, 1929
- Tipula aleutica Alexander, 1923
- Tipula algonquin Alexander
- Tipula alpium (Bergroth, 1888)
- Tipula alta Doane, 1912
- Tipula angulata Loew, 1864
- Tipula annulicornis Say, 1829
- Tipula apache Alexander, 1916
- Tipula aperta Alexander, 1918
- Tipula apicalis Loew, 1863
- Tipula aplecta Alexander, 1946
- Tipula appendiculata Loew, 1863
- Tipula aprilina Alexander, 1918
- Tipula arctica Curtis, 1835
- Tipula armata Doane, 1901
- Tipula arnaudi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula aspersa Doane, 1912
- Tipula aspidoptera Alexander, 1916
- Tipula athabasca Alexander, 1927
- Tipula atrisumma Doane, 1912
- Tipula australis Doane, 1901
- Tipula awanichi Alexander, 1947
- Tipula azteca Alexander, 1925
- Tipula bakeri Alexander, 1954
- Tipula bakeriana Alexander, 1954
- Tipula balioptera Loew, 1863
- Tipula baliopteroides Alexander, 1945
- Tipula banffiana Alexander, 1946
- Tipula barbata Doane, 1901
- Tipula barda Alexander, 1959
- Tipula beatula
- Tipula bellamyi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula bellardiana Alexander, 1926
- Tipula bergrothiana Alexander, 1918
- Tipula bernardinensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula besselsi Osten Sacken, 1876
- Tipula besselsoides Alexander, 1919
- Tipula biavicularia Alexander, 1965
- Tipula bicornis Forbes, 1890
- Tipula bifalcata Doane, 1912
- Tipula bigeminata Alexander, 1915
- Tipula biproducta Alexander, 1947
- Tipula bituberculata Doane, 1901
- Tipula biuncus Doane, 1912
- Tipula borealis Walker, 1848
- Tipula boregoensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula breedlovei Alexander, 1969
- Tipula brevifurcata Alexander, 1926
- Tipula breviligula Alexander, 1956
- Tipula broweri Alexander, 1940
- Tipula bucera Alexander, 1927
- Tipula cahuilla Alexander, 1920
- Tipula calaveras Alexander, 1944
- Tipula calcarata Doane, 1901
- Tipula caloptera
- Tipula calopteroides Alexander
- Tipula canadensis Loew, 1864
- Tipula capistrano Alexander, 1946
- Tipula carinata Doane, 1901
- Tipula caroliniana Alexander, 1916
- Tipula carsoni Alexander, 1963
- Tipula carunculata Alexander, 1946
- Tipula catalinensis Alexander, 1950
- Tipula catawba Alexander
- Tipula catawbiana Alexander, 1940
- Tipula cavagnaroi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula cayuga Alexander, 1915
- Tipula cazieri Alexander, 1942
- Tipula centralis Loew, 1864
- Tipula cervicula Doane, 1901
- Tipula chiricahuensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula chlorion Alexander, 1965
- Tipula chumash Alexander, 1961
- Tipula churchillensis Alexander, 1940
- Tipula cimarronensis Rogers, 1931
- Tipula cimmeria Speiser, 1909
- Tipula cineracea Coquillett, 1900
- Tipula circularis Alexander, 1947
- Tipula cladacantha Alexander, 1945
- Tipula cladacanthodes Alexander, 1964
- Tipula clathrata Dietz, 1914
- Tipula coconino Alexander, 1946
- Tipula cognata Doane, 1901
- Tipula coleana Alexander, 1940
- Tipula coleomyia Alexander, 1965
- Tipula collaris Say
- Tipula coloradensis Doane, 1911
- Tipula colteri Alexander, 1943
- Tipula comanche Alexander, 1916
- Tipula commiscibilis Doane, 1912
- Tipula comstockiana Alexander, 1947
- Tipula concava Alexander
- Tipula conspicua Dietz, 1917
- Tipula contortrix Alexander, 1944
- Tipula coronado Alexander, 1946
- Tipula costaloides Alexander, 1915
- Tipula craverii Bellardi, 1859
- Tipula criddlei Dietz, 1914
- Tipula cunctans Say
- Tipula cylindrata Doane, 1912
- Tipula dampfiana Alexander, 1946
- Tipula degeneri Alexander, 1944
- Tipula dejecta Walker, 1856
- Tipula denali Alexander, 1969
- Tipula denningi Alexander, 1969
- Tipula densursi Alexander, 1943
- Tipula derbyi Doane, 1912
- Tipula desertorum Alexander, 1946
- Tipula diabolica Alexander, 1954
- Tipula diacanthophora Alexander, 1945
- Tipula dickinsoni Alexander, 1932
- Tipula dido Alexander, 1947
- Tipula dietziana Alexander
- Tipula diflava Alexander, 1919
- Tipula dimidiata Dietz, 1921
- Tipula dis Alexander, 1962
- Tipula disjuncta Walker, 1856
- Tipula diversa Dietz, 1921
- Tipula doaneiana Alexander, 1919
- Tipula donaldi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula dorothea Alexander, 1954
- Tipula dorsimacula Walker, 1848
- Tipula dorsolineata Doane, 1901
- Tipula downesi Alexander, 1944
- Tipula duplex Walker
- Tipula dupliciformis Alexander, 1940
- Tipula edwardsi Bellardi, 1859
- Tipula eluta Lw.
- Tipula entomophthorae Alexander, 1918
- Tipula epios Alexander, 1969
- Tipula esselen Alexander, 1965
- Tipula estella Alexander, 1970
- Tipula eurystyla Alexander, 1969
- Tipula evidens Alexander, 1920
- Tipula fallax
- Tipula fattigiana Alexander, 1944
- Tipula faustina Alexander, 1941
- Tipula fenderi Alexander, 1954
- Tipula filamentosa Alexander, 1959
- Tipula flavibasis Alexander, 1918
- Tipula flavocauda Doane, 1912
- Tipula flavomarginata Doane, 1912
- Tipula flavoumbrosa Alexander
- Tipula flinti Alexander, 1970
- Tipula floridensis Alexander, 1926
- Tipula footeana Alexander, 1961
- Tipula fragilina Alexander, 1919
- Tipula fragilis Loew, 1863
- Tipula fragmentata Dietz, 1919
- Tipula fraterna Loew.
- Tipula friendi Alexander, 1941
- Tipula frigida Walker, 1848
- Tipula frommeri Alexander, 1973
- Tipula fuliginosa (Say, 1823)
- Tipula fulvilineata Doane, 1912
- Tipula fulvinodus Doane, 1912
- Tipula furca Walker
- Tipula furialis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula gelida Coquillett, 1900
- Tipula georgiana Alexander
- Tipula geronimo Alexander, 1946
- Tipula gertschi Alexander, 1963
- Tipula glabristyla Alexander, 1946
- Tipula glendenningi Alexander, 1943
- Tipula gothicana Alexander, 1943
- Tipula graciae Alexander, 1947
- Tipula grahamina Alexander, 1963
- Tipula graminivora Alexander, 1921
- Tipula grenfelli Alexander, 1928
- Tipula guasa Alexander, 1916
- Tipula guerreroensis Alexander, 1940
- Tipula hedgesi Alexander, 1961
- Tipula helderbergensis Alexander, 1918
- Tipula helferi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula helvocincta Doane, 1901
- Tipula hermannia
- Tipula hewitti Alexander, 1919
- Tipula hirsuta Doane, 1901
- Tipula hollandi Alexander, 1934
- Tipula hoogstraali Alexander, 1940
- Tipula horningi Alexander, 1966
- Tipula hugginsi Gelhaus, 1986
- Tipula huntsmaniana Dietz, 1920
- Tipula huron Alexander, 1918
- Tipula idahoensis Alexander, 1955
- Tipula idiotricha Alexander, 1965
- Tipula ignobilis Lw.
- Tipula illinoiensis Alexander, 1915
- Tipula illustris Doane, 1901
- Tipula imbellis Alexander, 1927
- Tipula impudica Doane, 1901
- Tipula inadusta Alexander, 1946
- Tipula inclusa Dietz, 1921
- Tipula incurva Doane, 1912
- Tipula ingrata Dietz, 1914
- Tipula insignifica Alexander, 1924
- Tipula integra Alexander, 1962
- Tipula inusitata Alexander, 1949
- Tipula inyoensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula iroquois Alexander, 1915
- Tipula jacintoensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula jacobus Alexander, 1930
- Tipula jenseni Alexander, 1965
- Tipula jepsoni Alexander, 1945
- Tipula johanseni Alexander, 1919
- Tipula johnsoniana Alexander, 1915
- Tipula josephus Alexander, 1954
- Tipula kaibabensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula katmaiensis Alexander, 1920
- Tipula kennedyana Alexander, 1965
- Tipula kennicotti Alexander, 1915
- Tipula kincaidi Alexander, 1949
- Tipula kirbyana Alexander, 1918
- Tipula kirkwoodi Alexander, 1961
- Tipula kirkwoodiana Alexander, 1965
- Tipula knowltoniana Alexander, 1969
- Tipula kraussi Alexander, 1946
- Tipula lacteipes Alexander, 1943
- Tipula lagunicola Alexander, 1969
- Tipula lamellata Doane, 1901
- Tipula lanei Alexander, 1940
- Tipula larga Alexander, 1946
- Tipula lassenensis Alexander, 1965
- Tipula latipennis Loew, 1864
- Tipula leechi
- Tipula leiocantha Alexander, 1959
- Tipula leucophaea Doane, 1901
- Tipula ligulipenicillata Alexander, 1946
- Tipula lionota Holmgren, 1883
- Tipula loewiana Alexander, 1915
- Tipula loganensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula longibasis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula longiventris Lw.
- Tipula lucida Doane, 1901
- Tipula ludoviciana Alexander, 1919
- Tipula lygropis Alexander, 1920
- Tipula lyrifera Dietz, 1921
- Tipula macleani Alexander, 1973
- Tipula macnabi Alexander, 1939
- Tipula macracantha Alexander, 1946
- Tipula macrolaboides Alexander, 1918
- Tipula macrophallus (Dietz, 1918)
- Tipula macswaini Alexander, 1965
- Tipula maculatipennis Say, 1824
- Tipula maculipleura Alexander, 1927
- Tipula madera
- Tipula madina Dietz, 1921
- Tipula magnifolia Alexander, 1948
- Tipula mainensis Alexander, 1915
- Tipula malkini Alexander, 1955
- Tipula mallochi Alexander
- Tipula manahatta Alexander, 1919
- Tipula mandan Alexander, 1915
- Tipula margarita Alexander, 1918
- Tipula mariannae Alexander, 1940
- Tipula marina Doane, 1912
- Tipula mariposa Alexander, 1946
- Tipula maritima Alexander, 1930
- Tipula martini Alexander, 1965
- Tipula mayedai Alexander, 1946
- Tipula mckinleyana Alexander, 1969
- Tipula mecotrichia Alexander, 1966
- Tipula megalodonta Alexander, 1946
- Tipula megaura Doane, 1901
- Tipula melanderiana Alexander, 1965
- Tipula mercedensis Alexander, 1965
- Tipula mesotergata Alexander, 1930
- Tipula metacomet Alexander, 1965
- Tipula micheneri Alexander, 1944
- Tipula michoacana Alexander, 1946
- Tipula middlekauffi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula millardi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula mitrata Dietz, 1921
- Tipula miwok Alexander, 1945
- Tipula moctezumae Alexander, 1925
- Tipula modoc Alexander, 1945
- Tipula mohavensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula mono
- Tipula monoana Alexander, 1965
- Tipula monticola Alexander, 1915
- Tipula mormon Alexander, 1948
- Tipula morrisoni Alexander
- Tipula mulaiki Alexander, 1948
- Tipula mutica
- Tipula nebulinervis Alexander, 1940
- Tipula nebulipennis Alexander, 1919
- Tipula nephophila Alexander, 1940
- Tipula neptun Dietz, 1921
- Tipula newcomeri Doane, 1911
- Tipula nigrocorporis Doane, 1912
- Tipula nimbinervis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula nobilis (Loew, 1864)
- Tipula novaleonensis Alexander, 1940
- Tipula noveboracensis Alexander, 1919
- Tipula nuntia Alexander, 1946
- Tipula occidentalis Doane, 1912
- Tipula oleracea. Linné — Tipule potagère.
- Tipula olympia Doane, 1912
- Tipula opisthocera Dietz, 1919
- Tipula optiva Alexander, 1921
- Tipula oropezoides Jn.
- Tipula osceola Alexander, 1927
- Tipula ovalis
- Tipula oxytona Alexander, 1927
- Tipula pachyrhinoides Alexander, 1915
- Tipula pacifica Doane, 1912
- Tipula packardi Alexander, 1928
- Tipula paiuta Alexander, 1948
- Tipula palmarum Alexander, 1947
- Tipula paludosa Meigen, 1830 — Tipule des prairies.
- Tipula parrioides (Alexander, 1919)
- Tipula parshleyi Alexander, 1915
- Tipula paterifera Alexander, 1962
- Tipula pellucida
- Tipula pendulifera Alexander, 1919
- Tipula penicillata Alexander, 1915
- Tipula penobscot Alexander, 1915
- Tipula perfidiosa Alexander, 1945
- Tipula perhirtipes Alexander, 1963
- Tipula perlongipes Johnson, 1909
- Tipula perparvula Alexander, 1926
- Tipula perretti Alexander, 1928
- Tipula phoroctenia Alexander, 1919
- Tipula piliceps Alexander, 1915
- Tipula planicornis (Doane, 1912)
- Tipula platymera Walker, 1856
- Tipula pleuracicula Alexander, 1915
- Tipula plutonis Alexander, 1919
- Tipula polingi Alexander, 1950
- Tipula polycantha Alexander, 1942
- Tipula powelli Alexander, 1965
- Tipula powersi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula praecisa Loew, 1872
- Tipula praelauta Alexander, 1949
- Tipula pratorum Kirby, 1837
- Tipula pribilofensis Alexander, 1923
- Tipula pribilovia Alexander, 1921
- Tipula pritchardi Alexander, 1940
- Tipula productella Alexander, 1928
- Tipula productisterna Alexander, 1963
- Tipula prolixa Alexander, 1947
- Tipula pseudotruncorum Alexander, 1920
- Tipula pubera Loew, 1864
- Tipula puncticollis (Dietz, 1918)
- Tipula puncticornis Macquart, 1850
- Tipula pura Alexander, 1941
- Tipula quaylii Doane, 1909
- Tipula rabiosa Alexander, 1943
- Tipula rainiericola Alexander, 1946
- Tipula ramona Alexander, 1941
- Tipula rastristyla Alexander, 1945
- Tipula raysmithi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula reciproca Alexander, 1946
- Tipula religiosa Alexander, 1946
- Tipula repulsa Alexander, 1943
- Tipula resurgens Walker, 1848
- Tipula retinens Alexander, 1946
- Tipula retorta Wulp, 1881
- Tipula retusa Doane, 1901
- Tipula rohweri Doane, 1911
- Tipula rotundiloba Alexander, 1915
- Tipula ruidoso Alexander, 1946
- Tipula rupicola Doane, 1912
- Tipula rusticola Doane, 1912
- Tipula sacajawea Alexander, 1945
- Tipula sackeniana Alexander, 1918
- Tipula sacra Alexander, 1946
- Tipula sagittifera Alexander, 1948
- Tipula sanctaecruzae Alexander, 1973
- Tipula sanctaeluciae Alexander, 1951
- Tipula sanctaeritae Alexander, 1946
- Tipula saxemontana Alexander, 1946
- Tipula sayi Alexander
- Tipula saylori Alexander, 1961
- Tipula sayloriana Alexander, 1946
- Tipula schizomera Alexander, 1940
- Tipula schlingeri Alexander, 1965
- Tipula schusteri Alexander, 1965
- Tipula selanderi Alexander, 1956
- Tipula semidea Alexander, 1944
- Tipula seminole Alexander, 1915
- Tipula senega Alexander, 1915
- Tipula seqoiarum Alexander, 1945
- Tipula sequoicola Alexander, 1947
- Tipula serrulata Loew, 1864
- Tipula serta Loew, 1863
- Tipula shastensis Alexander, 1944
- Tipula shieldsi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula shoshone Alexander, 1946
- Tipula silvestra Doane, 1909
- Tipula simondsi Alexander, 1965
- Tipula simplex
- Tipula sinistra Dietz, 1921
- Tipula siskiyouensis Alexander, 1949
- Tipula smithae Alexander, 1968
- Tipula snoqualmiensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula spaldingi Dietz, 1921
- Tipula spatha Doane, 1912
- Tipula spenceriana Alexander, 1943
- Tipula spernata Dietz, 1921
- Tipula spernax Osten Sacken, 1877
- Tipula sperryana Alexander, 1942
- Tipula spinerecta Alexander, 1947
- Tipula splendens Doane, 1901
- Tipula stalagmites Alexander, 1915
- Tipula stenorhabda Alexander, 1941
- Tipula sternata Doane, 1912
- Tipula stonei Alexander, 1965
- Tipula strepens Lowe, 1863
- Tipula streptocera Doane, 1901
- Tipula subapache Alexander, 1947
- Tipula subarctica Alexander, 1919
- Tipula subbarbata Alexander, 1927
- Tipula subcinerea Doane, 1901
- Tipula subeluta Johnson, 1913
- Tipula subfasciata Loew, 1863
- Tipula submaculata Lw.
- Tipula subpolaris Alexander, 1919
- Tipula subserta Alexander, 1928
- Tipula subtenuicornis Doane, 1901
- Tipula subtilis Doane, 1901
- Tipula subvirgo Alexander, 1951
- Tipula succincta Alexander, 1940
- Tipula supplicata Alexander, 1944
- Tipula suttoni Alexander, 1934
- Tipula sweetae Alexander, 1930
- Tipula sylvicola Doane, 1912
- Tipula synchroa Alexander, 1927
- Tipula tacomicola Alexander, 1949
- Tipula taenigaster Alexander, 1920
- Tipula tancitaro Alexander, 1946
- Tipula tanneri Alexander, 1948
- Tipula tenaya Alexander, 1946
- Tipula tenebrosa Coquillett, 1900
- Tipula tennessa Alexander, 1920
- Tipula tenuilinea Alexander, 1959
- Tipula tephrocephala Lw.
- Tipula tergata Doane, 1912
- Tipula ternaria Loew, 1864
- Tipula tesuque Teale, 1985
- Tipula texensis Alexander, 1916
- Tipula thulensis Alexander, 1947
- Tipula timberlakei Alexander, 1947
- Tipula toklatensis Alexander, 1968
- Tipula translucida Doane
- Tipula tribulator Alexander, 1956
- Tipula trichophora Alexander, 1920
- Tipula tricolor Fabricius
- Tipula trimaculata (Smmons, 1854)
- Tipula triplex Walker, 1848
- Tipula tristis Doane, 1901
- Tipula triton Alexander
- Tipula trivittata Say
- Tipula truculenta Alexander, 1943
- Tipula trypetophora Dietz, 1919
- Tipula tuscarora Alexander
- Tipula twightae Alexander, 1959
- Tipula twogwoteeana Alexander, 1945
- Tipula tyranna Alexander, 1946
- Tipula ultima Alexander, 1915
- Tipula umbra Alexander, 1959
- Tipula umbrosa Loew.
- Tipula unifasciatus
- Tipula unimaculata (Loew, 1864)
- Tipula utahicola Alexander, 1948
- Tipula uxoria Alexander, 1946
- Tipula valida Loew, 1863
- Tipula variata Alexander, 1927
- Tipula vernalis Meigen — Tipule des prairies.
- Tipula vestigipennis Doane, 1908
- Tipula vicina Dietz, 1917
- Tipula virgo Osten Sacken, 1886
- Tipula virgulata Williston, 1900
- Tipula vitabilis
- Tipula vittatipennis Doane, 1912
- Tipula vultuosa Alexander, 1946
- Tipula warneri Alexander, 1944
- Tipula werneri Alexander, 1950
- Tipula whitneyi Alexander, 1923
- Tipula williamsiana Alexander
- Tipula williamsii Doane, 1909
- Tipula willissmithi Alexander, 1945
- Tipula woodi Alexander, 1948
- Tipula yana Alexander, 1965
- Tipula yellowstonensis Alexander, 1946
- Tipula yosemite Alexander, 1946
- Tipula youngi Alexander, 1927
- Tipula zelotypa
Notes et références
- Etymologie du mot tipule sur le dictionnaire étymologique du CNRTL
- Dérivé du latin pouplaire culicinus, diminutif de Culex
- Thierry Creux, « Cette mouche ne ferait pas de mal à un homme. », dans Ouest France, no 20105, 8 octobre 2010, p. 42
Voir aussi
Liens externes
- Référence Fauna Europaea : Tipula (en)
- Référence ITIS : Tipula Linnaeus, 1758 (fr) ( (en))
- Référence Animal Diversity Web : Tipula (en)
- insectes-net.fr_Tipule
Catégories :- Diptère (nom scientifique)
- Tipulidé
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