Apostolnik
- Apostolnik
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Religieuse russe portant l'apostolnik ; il s'agit d'une martyre de l'orthodoxie, sœur Catherine Constantinova (1887-1938)
Un apostolnik (en russe: апостольник) ou épimandylion (en grec) est le vêtement que portent les religieuses de l'Église orientale. C'est un voile qui couvre la tête, le cou, les épaules, et tout le haut du corps, et ne laisse paraître que le visage. Il est de couleur noire et très rarement de couleur blanche[1]. Ce voile est porté dès le noviciat.
La religieuse peut porter au-dessus la skouphia (ou skouphos en grec), petit bonnet de tissu noir à bout rond, ou bien le kamilavkion en forme de cylindre, ou encore le klobouk, typique de la tradition russe, en fonction de son degré d'importance dans la hiérarchie. L'apostolnik n'est porté ni par les novices grecques, qui portent un grand fichu noir, ni par les religieuses roumaines, dont le voile est différent.
L'origine de ce vêtement vient de l'Empire byzantin. Ainsi Théodoret de Cyr, au Ve siècle, décrit Domnina de Syrie:« elle était couverte d'un long voile qui lui descendait jusqu'aux genoux. » Ce voile descend généralement jusqu'à la taille.
Notes
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