Swaraj
- Swaraj
-
- Cet article traite de du système politique défini par le Mahatma Gandhi. Pour l'autogouvernance en général, voir Autogouvernance.
Swaraj (hindi : स्वराज, svarāj) signifie de façon générale « gouvernement par soi-même » ou « autogouvernance »(swa- « par soi-même », raj-, « gouvernement »). Cependant, le terme se réfère en général au concept défini par le Mahatma Gandhi pour l'indépendance de l'Inde face à la domination étrangère ; il s'agit donc aussi d'autodétermination[1].
Le concept de swaraj insiste sur la gouvernance, non d'un gouvernement hiérarchique, mais d'une autogouvernance au travail d'individus réunis par la mise en place d'une communauté. L'accent est mis sur la décentralisation politique[2]. Dans la mesure où ceci ne correspondait pas aux systèmes politiques et sociaux du Royaume-Uni, le concept de swaraj prôné par Gandhi insiste sur l'abandon par l'Inde des institutions britanniques sur les plans politique, économique, administratif, juridique, militaire et éducatif[1].
Notes et références
- ↑ a et b What is Swaraj?, sur swaraj.org (consulté le 12 juillet 2007)
- ↑ Anthony Parel, Hind Swaraj and other writings of M. K. Gandhi, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997
Bibliographie
- Mahatma Gandhi, Panchayat raj, 41 pages, Navajivan Pub. House, 1959
- Mahatma Gandhi, Anthony Parel, Hind swaraj and other writings, Cambridge University Press, 1997, 208 p. (ISBN 9780521574310) [lire en ligne]
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