Orature
- Orature
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L'orature constitue un champ conceptuel distinct de la littérature qui désigne l'ensemble du patrimoine qui se transmet de bouche à oreille sans recours à l'écrit, des formules les plus brèves (huchements, cris de guerre, virelangues, proverbes etc.) aux formules les plus longues (contes, légendes, chants, épopées, etc.). Sa composition, immédiate ou différée, recourt exclusivement à l'engrammation mémorielle. Sa performance implique nécessairement une interaction avec un milieu (par exemple: un public). Son mode de transmission enfin est spécifique: l'orature se constitue dans la variation. L'orature est un élément de parole élaboré: un "texte" d'orature (même réduit à une syllabe) a fait l'objet d'une manipulation discursive. On distinguera donc soigneusement ce qui est "oralisé" de ce qui est "vocalisé": l'orature ne relève pas du style parlé, mais d'un registre formalisé. A la suture des domaines de l'orature et de la littérature, on inscrira une "orature littéraire" (prolongements écrits de textes oraux), tout de même qu'une "llittérature orale" (textes écrits conçus pour être dits).
Références
- Rémy Dor, "Orature du Nord-Est afghan", Turcica VIII(1), 1976 pp. 87-116; Turcica IX (1), 1977, pp. 30-97; idem, Chants du Toit du monde, Textes d'orature kirghize, Paris: Maisonneuve et Larose, Paris, 1982; idem, Parlons kirghiz: Manuel de langue, orature, littérature kirghizes, Paris: L'Harmattan, 2004
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