Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
- Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
Les (MALT) (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue), ou tissus lymphoïdes associés aux muqueuses, forment une partie des organes lymphatiques secondaires qui se situent de manière diffuse dans différents organes du corps, par exemple dans le tube digestif, les poumons, la peau, etc., toujours sous l'épithélium de la muqueuse. Ces MALT sont proches histologiquement et fonctionnellement des follicules trouvés dans les ganglions, ils contiennent des lymphocytes B et T et T-helper.
Différents types de MALT
Ils sont souvent subdivisés de manière suivante:
- GALT (gut-associated lymphoid tissue) : MALT situé dans le chorion de l'intestin grêle, composé entre autres par les Plaques de Peyer
- BALT (bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue) : MALT associé aux bronches
- NALT (nose-associated lymphoid tissue) : MALT associé à la cavité nasale
- LALT (larynx-associated lymphoid tissue) : MALT associé aux larynx
- SALT (skin-associated lymphoid tissue) : MALT associé à la peau
- VALT (vascular-associated lymphoid tissue) : un type de MALT récemment découvert, associé aux artères, dont le rôle est inconnu.
- CALT (conjunctiva-associated lymphoid tissue) : MALT associé aux tissu conjonctif dans l'œil
Rôle dans les maladies
Les MALT ont un rôle important dans l'activation de la réponse immunitaire, mais ils peuvent être aussi le site de lymphomes, habituellement des lymphomes non-hodgkinien. Une entité spéciale des lymphomes présent dans les MALT est celui lié à la bactérie Helicobacter pylori dans l'estomac.
Catégorie : Système lymphatique
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