Goldwin Smith

Goldwin Smith
Goldwin Smith.

Goldwin Smith (1823-1910) était un historien et un journaliste britannique et canadien.

Né à Reading, dans le Berkshire, il fut éduqué au collège Eton et au collège de la Madeleine d'Oxford. Avec Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, il exigea des réformes universitaires puis participa à la pleine libéralisation des facultés.

Régent d'histoire moderne à Oxford, il croyait fortement aux valeurs éducatives de l'histoire, dont l'histoire de l'antiquité. Auteur d'un essai sur l'histoire politique du Royaume-Uni, il prit parti en faveur du Nord lors de la guerre civile américaine, alléguant les abus esclavagistes commis par les sudistes.

En 1871, il s'établit à Toronto et s'intéressa bientôt aux puissances du domaine colonial britannique. Favorable à un accroissement d'autonomie pour l'Irlande, il s'opposait toutefois au projet d'indépendance souhaité par William Gladstone.

Ses réflexions diverses sur l'autonomie du Canada, le suffrage féminin, l'État-providence et la prohibition révèlent ses opinions libérales, patriotiques, et parfois même réactionnaires. Vers la fin de sa vie, il était définitivement acquis à la libre-pensée.

Ouvrages publiés

  • Does the Bible sanction American Slavery, 1863
  • The Reorganization of the University of Oxford, 1868
  • Canada and the Canadian Question, 1891
  • The United States: an Outline of Political History, 1893
  • Essays on Questions of the Day, 1894
  • Guesses at the Riddle of Existence, 1897
  • United Kingdom: a Political History, 1899
  • Commonwealth or Empire?, 1902
  • My Memory of Gladstone, 1904

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