Maryannu
- Maryannu
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Les Maryannu sont les membres d'une caste guerrière d'origine indo-européenne qui aurait régné sur plusieurs peuples du Proche-orient ancien et se distinguèrent comme l'aristocratie guerrière du Mitanni dont les populations hourrites et amorrites n'étaient pas indo-européennes. Ils s'imposèrent à ces derniers grâce à l'usage du char de combat[1] qui est une innovation technique au XVème siècle av JC; cela expliquerait ainsi que le vocabulaire du char ne soit pas d'origine hourrite mais indo-européenne dans le Mitanni.
Le terme de 'maryannu' est attesté dans les Lettres d'Amarna. Robert Drews analyse l'orthographe de ce terme avec une base indique marya qui signifie "jeune guerrier" au singulier et un suffixe pluriel hourrite (Drews:p. 59)[1].
Notes et références
- ↑ Christopher Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2, p35 et ss
Bibliographie
- Robert Drews, The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East, Princeton University Press, 1994, ISBN 978-0-691-02951-1
- Christopher Beckwith, Empires of the Silk Road: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-691-13589-2, p35 et ss
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